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Writer's pictureHatsuo Yamada

The brain is made up of neurons with very long elongated axons.

Updated: May 29, 2022

Studying the "Study of Consciousness" (Stanislas Duanne) can further deepen your understanding of coaching theory.

I am studying to add a unique flavour to "unconscious rewriting".


This series of blog posts are my study notes. This time, the theme that follows the unconscious and conscious

I will write a "sign of consciousness".


 

Each nerve cell in the brain does only a straightforward task.

However, the human brain is a mechanism in which billions of nerve cells gather and gather together to express the consciousness of "self" and high intelligence.


The brain shares information flexibly; it is necessary to have a neural structure that connects the cortical areas, far apart and special functions, to a consistent role.


Long-distance connections of neurons support the global neuronal workspace.


Spanish neuroanatomist Santiago Ramón y Cajal pointed out brain cells' peculiarities in the late 19th century.


Unlike the cells that make up the skin, the brain comprises very long, elongated cells or neurons. Neurons with long axons have the unique characteristic of cells that metric in length.



In some cases, a single neuron in the motor cortex extends axons to a very remote spinal cord area to send commands to specific muscles.


Kahar found that the cortex is densely populated with long-range projection cells, forming a thin cloak covering the surfaces of the two cerebral hemispheres.


Pyramidal neurons extend axons from the cortex toward the posterior part of the brain and the other hemisphere.

Axons also gather to form bundles of fibres that are a few millimetres in diameter and up to a few centimetres in length.


Not all brain regions are equally and fully connected.

Sensory areas, such as the primary visual cortex (V1), maintain small connections with neighbouring areas.


The lower visual cortex has a hierarchical system, such as the V1 region interacting with V2 first, V2 interacting with V3 and V4, etc.


Visual neurons initially receive some of the input information from the retina and process it in a relatively isolated state without any "awareness" of the overall composition.

Information is modularized for this exchange of information.


However, when it reaches the higher dimensional cortical association area, it is no longer connected to the adjacent region of the one-to-one connection. The modularity of cognitive action is lost.


Neurons with long axons are most abundant in the prefrontal cortex, located in the anterior part of the brain.


These areas have been identified as large centres, the major interconnection centres of the brain.


If they are tightly coupled to each other and region A sends information to B, B also sends it back to A.

Long-distance neural connections tend to form triangles.


For example, if region A is bound to B and C, then B and C are often bound.

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